Influencia de los medios de comunicación en la conversación política en Twitter Actividad, popularidad y autoridad en el debate digital en España
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Publicado:
ene. 1, 2020
Agencias de apoyo
Spanish Research Agency (Agencia Española de Investigación, AEI) CSO2017-88620-P
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Resumen
Tradicionalmente, los medios de comunicación (periódicos, cadenas de televisión, radio y agencias de noticias) han tenido una gran influencia en la sociedad, pero su papel está cambiando ante la aparición del entorno digital. Aunque sabemos mucho sobre cómo medir la influencia digital, todavía tenemos poca evidencia de cómo se ejerce en los medios sociales. Para revertir este déficit, se utilizan grandes técnicas de datos en una muestra de 127,3 millones de tweets para conocer cuáles fueron los más influyentes en el debate político sobre Twitter en España. A través de una metodología basada en el aprendizaje automático y el análisis de redes sociales, se identifican los medios de comunicación más influyentes en función de su naturaleza, tipo, posición ideológica percibida y cobertura territorial. Para ello se utilizan tres indicadores de influencia digital: actividad, popularidad y autoridad. Los resultados indican que el ejercicio de influencia sobre Twitter dentro del sistema de medios se está reconfigurando en profundidad. Asimismo, los datos revelan la incidencia de la posición ideológica percibida de los medios de comunicación, cuando se trata de tener más o menos centralidad en la red y poder influir en las interacciones en Twitter. Finalmente, aunque los medios de comunicación registran altos valores de inactividad y popularidad, generalmente obtienen valores intermedios o bajos de autoridad. Esta falta de autoridad cuestiona el poder de los medios de comunicación para influir efectivamente en el debate político en Twitter.
Palabras clave:
Political communication, big data, media, influence, Twitter, Television, political conversations, Newspapers, Radio stations, interactions, news agencies
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Cómo citar
Casero-Ripollés, Andreu. 2020. «Influencia De Los Medios De comunicación En La conversación política En Twitter: Actividad, Popularidad Y Autoridad En El Debate Digital En España». Revista ICONO 14. Revista científica De Comunicación Y Tecnologías Emergentes 18 (1):33-57. https://doi.org/10.7195/ri14.v18i1.1527.
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MONOGRÁFICO
Esta obra está bajo una licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional.
Citas
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Azaza, L., Kirgizov, S., Savonnet, M., Leclercq, É., Gastineau, N., & Faiz, R. (2016). Information fusion-based approach for studying influence on Twitter using belief theory. Computational social networks, 3(1), 5.
Baviera, T. (2018). Influence in the political Twitter sphere: Authority and retransmission in the 2015 and 2016 Spanish General Elections. European Journal of Communication, 33(3), 321-337.
Bennett, W. L., & Iyengar, S. (2008). A new era of minimal effects? The changing foundations of political communication. Journal of communication, 58(4), 707-731.
Bennett, W. L., & Pfetsch, B. (2018). Rethinking political communication in a time of disrupted public spheres. Journal of Communication, 68(2), 243-253.
Blumler, J. G. (2015). Core theories of political communication: Foundational and freshly minted. Communication Theory, 25(4), 426-438.
Bonacich, P. (2007). Some unique properties of eigenvector centrality. Social networks, 29(4), 555-564.
Boumans, J., Trilling, D., Vliegenthart, R., & Boomgaarden, H. (2018). The agency makes the (online) news world go round: The impact of news agency content on print and online news. International Journal of Communication, 12, 1768-1789.
Casero-Ripollés, A. (2018). Research on political information and social media: Key points and challenges for the future. El profesional de la información, 27(5), 964-974.
Casero-Ripollés, A., Feenstra, R. A., & Tormey, S. (2016). Old and new media logics in an electoral campaign: The case of Podemos and the two-way street mediatization of politics. The international journal of press/politics, 21(3), 378-397.
Casero-Ripollés, A., & López-Rabadán, P. (2014). Media engagement boundaries and political influence in Europe. American Behavioral Scientist, 58(7), 859-868.
Cha, M., Haddadi, H., Benevenuto, F., & Gummadi, K. P. (2010). Measuring user influence in twitter: The million follower fallacy. In: Fourth international AAAI conference on weblogs and social media, 10-17.
Chadwick, A. (2017). The hybrid media system: Politics and power. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2nd ed.
Deacon, D. & Stanyer, J. (2014). Mediatization: key concept or conceptual bandwagon? Media, Culture & Society, 36(7): 1032-1044.
Del-Fresno García, Miguel; Daly, Alan J.; Segado-Sánchez-Cabezudo, Sagrario (2016). Identifying the new Influences in the Internet Era: Social Media and Social Network Analysis. Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 153: 23-40.
Fuchs, C. (2017). Social media: A critical introduction. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Gass, R. H. (2015). “Social Influence, Sociology of”. En James D. Wright (ed.). International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition) (pp. 348-354). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Guerrero-Solé, F. (2018). Interactive behavior in political discussions on Twitter: Politicians, media, and citizens’ patterns of interaction in the 2015 and 2016 electoral campaigns in Spain. Social Media+ Society, 4(4), 2056305118808776.
Hallin, D. C., & Mancini, P. (2004). Comparing media systems: Three models of media and politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Johnston, J., & Forde, S. (2011). The silent partner: News agencies and 21st century news. International Journal of Communication, 5, 195-214.
Keane, J. (2013). Democracy and media decadence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lamirán-Palomares, J. M., Baviera, T., & Baviera-Puig, A. (2019). Identifying Opinion Leaders on Twitter during Sporting Events: Lessons from a Case Study. Social Sciences, 8(5), 141.
Leavitt, A., Burchard, E., Fisher, D., & Gilbert, S. (2009). The influentials: New approaches for analyzing influence on twitter. Web Ecology Project, 4(2), 1-18.
Mazzoleni, G., & Schulz, W. (1999). "Mediatization" of politics: A challenge for democracy? Political communication, 16(3), 247-261.
McCombs, M., Holbert, L., Kiousis, S., & Wanta, W. (2011). The news and public opinion: Media effects on civic life. Cambridge: Polity.
Micó, J. L., & Carbonell, J. M. (2017). The Catalan political process for independence: An example of the partisan media system. American behavioral scientist, 61(4), 428-440.
Page, L., S. Brin, R. Motwani, & T. Winograd (1999). The PageRank citation ranking: Bringing order to the web. Stanford InfoLab.
Pal, A., & Counts, S. (2011). Identifying topical authorities in microblogs. In: Proceedings of the Fourth ACM international conference on Web search and data mining, 45-54.
Pavía, J. M., Gil-Carceller, I., Rubio-Mataix, A., Coll, V., Alvarez-Jareño, J. A., Aybar, C., & Carrasco-Arroyo, S. (2019). The formation of aggregate expectations: wisdom of the crowds or media influence? Contemporary Social Science, 14(1), 132-143.
Probst, F., Grosswiele, L., & Pfleger, R. (2013). Who will lead and who will follow: Identifying Influential Users in Online Social Networks. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 5(3), 179-193.
Razis, G., Anagnostopoulos, I., & Zeadally, S. (2018). Modeling Influence with Semantics in Social Networks: a Survey. arXiv preprint arXiv:1801.09961.
Riquelme, F., & González-Cantergiani, P. (2016). Measuring user influence on Twitter: A survey. Information Processing & Management, 52(5), 949-975.
Sánchez-Marín, G., & Micó-Sanz, J. L. (2014). Perfiles profesionales en las agencias de noticias. Estudio comparativo de ACN, EFE y Europa Press. El Profesional de la Información, 23(5), 501-509.
Strömbäck, J., & Esser, F. (2014). Mediatization of politics: Towards a theoretical framework. In: Esser F., Strömbäck J. (eds). Mediatization of Politics (pp. 3-28). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
Williams, B. A., & Delli Carpini, M. X. (2011). After broadcast news: Media regimes, democracy, and the new information environment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Van Aelst, P., Strömbäck, J., Aalberg, T., Esser, F., De Vreese, C., Matthes, J., Hopmann, D., Salgado, S., Hubé, N., Stępińska, A., Papathanassopoulos, S., Berganza, R., Legnante, G., Reinemann, C., Sheafer, T., & Stanyer, J. (2017). Political communication in a high-choice media environment: a challenge for democracy?. Annals of the International Communication Association, 41(1), 3-27.
Van Dijck, J. (2013). The culture of connectivity: A critical history of social media. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Vidal-Beneyto, J., & Imbert, G. (coord.) (1986). El País o la referencia dominante. Barcelona: Mitre.