Hate speech on Twitter during the Ceuta migration crisis in May 2021

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Imagen de portada del número 2 del volumen 20 de la revista ICONO 14
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Published: 28-07-2022
Accepted: 29-06-2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7195/ri14.v20i2.1858
Keywords:
Hate speech, Twitter, Ceuta, social media, freedom of speech, immigration
Supporting Agencies
European Social Fund, Andalusia Regional Government, Ministry of Science and Innovation, FEDER
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Main Article Content

Aránzazu Román-San-Miguel, Dra.
(ES)
University of Seville image/svg+xml
arantxa@us.es
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9131-2629 (unauthenticated)
Francisco J. Olivares-García, Dr.
(ES)
University of Seville image/svg+xml
folivares@us.es
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1475-130X (unauthenticated)
Salud María Jiménez-Zafra, Dra.
(ES)
University of Jaén image/svg+xml
sjzafra@ujaen.es
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3274-8825 (unauthenticated)

Abstract

This paper analyses the hate speech in messages published on Twitter from May 17 to 25, 2021 during the crisis caused by the entry of thousands of immigrants at the Tarajal border in Ceuta. The aim of the research is to perform a thematic classification of messages with hate speech. For this, a mixed methodology has been used and six subjets related to hate speech on Twitter have been identified, of which four are more focused on political issues, accounting for 80% of the messages, and only 20% of them refer to racism and immigration. In addition, up to five campaigns of unknown origin have been detected. This work concludes that hate speeches focus more on political issues than on the problem of immigration itself, its causes, consequences and possible solutions.

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Article Details

Issue

Vol. 20 No. 2 (2022): LTE1. Cognitive Science and Neuromarketing | LTE2. Digital cultures on social media

Section

DIGITAL CULTURES IN SOCIAL NETWORKS

Author Biographies

Aránzazu Román-San-Miguel, Dra., University of Seville

Assistant Professor at the Department of Journalism II, Faculty of Communication, University of Seville. PhD in Journalism. Degree in Journalism. Member of the research group HUM-849 Communication Strategies. Assistant director of the Master's Degree in Sports Journalism at the University of Seville. Author of publications in publishing houses and prestigious magazines.

Francisco J. Olivares-García, Dr., University of Seville

Associate Professor of the Department of Journalism II of the Faculty of Communication at the University of Seville. PhD in Journalism, for ten years he was director of the Master's Degree in Digital Communication at the Instituto Universitario de Postgrado, formed by the universities Carlos III, Autónoma de Barcelona and Alicante, together with Santillana Formación. Producer of Canal Sur Radio and Television since 1989. Expert in Multimedia Management and Digital Narratives in the Technical Direction of Radio and Television of Andalusia. He belongs to the research group Narrativas Periodísticas y Tecnologías Emergentes.

Salud María Jiménez-Zafra, Dra., University of Jaén

Salud María Jiménez Zafra holds a PhD in Computer Science, a Specialist in Internet Information Processing and a Diploma in Statistics from the University of Jaén. She is part of the research group SINAI (TIC 209) and belongs to the Spanish Society for Natural Language Processing, the PLN.net network and the DiverTLes community. She has been awarded, on a national competitive basis, several research contracts. Her scientific interests are focused on Artificial Intelligence, specifically in the field of Natural Language Processing, being her specialty the treatment of negation in Spanish and the analysis of opinions and feelings. The research carried out so far has resulted in scientific contributions that have been cited in more than 2,210 papers. She is also the author of the book "Curso de Programación Python" published by Anaya. Throughout her career she has been awarded 7 research prizes, among them, the Prize for the best doctoral thesis in Natural Language Processing awarded by the Spanish Society for Natural Language Processing in the XIX Edition of the SEPLN Award.

How to Cite

Román-San-Miguel, A., Olivares-García, F. J., & Jiménez-Zafra, S. M. (2022). Hate speech on Twitter during the Ceuta migration crisis in May 2021. Journal ICONO 14, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.7195/ri14.v20i2.1858