The handling of racism in the Spanish online sports press: the Vinicius case
Main Article Content
Abstract
The media hold the power to place on the public agenda an issue with such social relevance as racism and the responsibility of contributing to the reduction of expressions of hate instead of fueling them. This research analyzes the coverage offered on the internet by four relevant Spanish sports newspapers (Marca, As, Mundo Deportivo and Sport) on the racist insults suffered by the Real Madrid footballer Vinicius Junior in the 2022-23 season. While other footballers suffered similar attacks in the past, with much less media impact, this case represented 25% of the 3,572 reports on racism in sport published by these media in the five LaLiga seasons played by the Brazilian leader. The research identifies the reasons that unleashed this media storm, including the relevance of the protagonist, and verifies that in the face of an exceptional situation like this, newspapers published in cities with as much football rivalry as Madrid and Barcelona respond with similar media attention, but with different approaches. In Madrid (Marca y As) Vinicius appears exclusively as a victim of these attacks without reproaching anyone there. However, one in ten texts on Barcelona’s webs (Mundo Deportivo and Sport) alleged provocative actions by the player and mentioned or reported favorable treatment.
Downloads
Article Details
Section

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Beltrán Martínez, Juan Vicente & Ruiz-Gros, Enrique (2022). Violencia en el fútbol: racismo, xenofobia, intolerancia y ultras. In Odio y discriminación en tiempos convulsos, 7-18. Editorial Comares.
Cavanagh, Patrick; Anstis, Stuart; Lisi, Matteo; Wexler, Mark; Maechler, Marvin; Hart, Bernard; Shams-Ahmar, Mohammad & Saleki, Sharif (2022). Exploring the frame effect. Journal of Vision, 22(12), 5-5. https://doi.org/10.1167/jov.22.12.5
Durán González, Javier & Jiménez Martín, Pedro Jesús (2006). Fútbol y Racismo: un problema científico y social (Soccer and Racism: a scientific and social problem). RICYDE. Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte, 2(3), 68-94. https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2006.00305
Durán González, Javier & Pardo García, Rodrigo (2008). Racismo en el fútbol profesional español (1ª y 2ª división). Temporadas 2004-05 y 2005-06. (Racism in the Spanish professional football (1st and 2nd division). Seasons 2004-05 and 2005-06). RICYDE. Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte, 85-100 http://dx.doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2008.01206
De Maeyer, Juliette (2020). “A Nose for News”: From (News) Values to Valuation. Sociologica, 14(2), 109-132. https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.1971-8853/11176
Entman, Robert (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm, Journal of Communication, 43 (4), 51–58, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x
Escudero, Laura (2023). El racismo a examen. Una aproximación al modelo estatal de investigación y diagnóstico del racismo en el Estado español. Revista De Ciencias Sociales, 11(1), https://doi.org/10.17502/mrcs.v11i1.677
Gans, Herbert (1979). Deciding Whats News – Story Suitability. Soc 16 (3): 65–77. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02701600
Galtung, Johan & Ruge, Mari Holmboe (1965). The structure of foreign news: The presentation of the Congo, Cuba and Cyprus crises in four Norwegian newspapers. Journal of peace research, 2 (1), 64-90. https://doi.org/10.1177/002234336500200
Gamson, William A. (1989). News as Framing. American Behavioral Scientist, 33, 157-161. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764289033002006
Geiss, Stefan (2022). The media’s conditional agenda-setting power: How baselines and spikes of issue salience affect likelihood and strength of agenda-setting. Communication Research, 49(2), 296-323. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650219874968
Gilardi, Fabrizio; Gessler, Teresa; Kubli, Maël & Müller, Stefan (2022). Social media and political agenda setting. Political Communication, 39(1), 39-60. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2021.1910390
Gitlin, Todd (1980): The whole world is watching, University of California Press, Berkeley
Jeffres, Leo (1986) Mass Media: Processes and Effects. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.
Lecheler, Sophie & De Vreese, Claes (2019). News framing effects: Theory and practice, 138. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315208077
Llopis-Goig, Ramón (2009). Racism and Xenophobia in Spanish Football: Facts, Reactions and Policies. Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research,47 (1) 35-43. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10141-009-0030-0
Martínez-Fresneda, Humberto & Davara Torrego, Francisco Javier (2022). La influencia del ecosistema digital en la prensa deportiva en España: medios, usuarios y pandemia. Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodistico, 28(1). https://doi.org/10.5209/esmp.77506
Mast, Jelle y Temmerman, Martina (2021). What’s (the) news? Reassessing “news values” as a concept and methodology in the digital age. Journalism Studies, 22(6), 689-701. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2021.1917445
McCombs, Maxwell E. & Shaw, Donald L. (1972). The agenda-setting function of mass media. Public Opinion Quarterly, 36, 176-187. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2747787
McEnnis, Simon (2021). Disrupting sports journalism. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003106869
Muñoz-Muñoz, Ana y Salido-Fernández, Juana (2018). Tratamiento informativo de las esposas y novias (WAGs) de los deportistas en la prensa digital deportiva española. El Profesional de la Información, 27 (2), 331-340. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2018.mar.11
Reese, Stephen y Lewis, Seth. (2009). Framing the war on terror: The internalization of policy in the US press. Journalism, 10 (6), 777-797. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1464884909344480
Rojas-Torrijos, José Luis (2012). La futbolización de la información deportiva. Un estudio de casos de cuatro diarios deportivos europeos. Comunicação & Cultura, 13, 77-95. https://doi.org/10.34632/comunicacaoecultura.2012.629
Rojas-Torrijos, José Luis. (2023). Disfunciones en la construcción de la agenda temática del periodismo deportivo. Periodismo deportivo en Iberoamérica. Casos y desafíos.
Sádaba-Garraza, María Teresa (2001). Origen, aplicación y límites de la ‘teoría del encuadre’ (framing) en comunicación. Comunicación y Sociedad, 24 (2), 143-175. https://doi.org/10.15581/003.14.36373
San Martín Cantero, Daniel (2014). Teoría fundamentada y Atlas. ti: recursos metodológicos para la investigación educativa. Revista electrónica de investigación educativa, 16(1), 104-122. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12799/3222
Scheufele, Dietram (2006). Frames, schemata, and news reporting". Communications: The European Journal of Communication Research, vol. 31 (1), Alemania: Walter de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/COMMUN.2006.005
Tewksbury, David & Scheufele, Dietram A. (2019). News framing theory and research. In Media effects, 51-68. Routledge.
Valkenburg, Patti; Semetko, Holi y De Vreese, Claesh. (1999), The effects of news frames on reader's thoughts and recall, Communication Research, vol. 26, USA: SAGE. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F009365099026005002
Wang, Xiaohui; Chen, Liang; Shi, Jingyuan y Tang, Hongjie (2023). Who sets the agenda? The dynamic agenda setting of the wildlife issue on social media. Environmental Communication, 17(3), 245-262. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2021.1901760
Warren, Carl N. (1975). Géneros periodísticos informativos, Nueva Enciclopedia de la Noticia ATE, Barcelona.
