Disinformation in health: the perception of specialist journalists

Main Article Content

Aitor Ugarte Iturrizaga
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6666-5780
Mariola Moreno
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5624-6905
Laura Gutiérrez-Ibañes
https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9801-0687

Abstract

Purpose: This study analyses the perception of specialist journalists regarding media misinformation on health issues, its frequency, challenges, actors and possible solutions. Methodology: Qualitative saturation point was achieved through 21 semi-structured interviews. The responses were analysed by two researchers to ensure the validity of the research. The data underwent a triple cycle of analysis. Results: Although specialist journalists claimed to have medium-high confidence in health information in the media, complacent tendencies also emerged, such as citing their own media outlet as an example of good practice and attributing bad practices to social media in a generic way, without going into depth in their analysis. It was also significant that there was no unanimity in the rejection of homeopathy and that among the most frequently cited sources were other media outlets, with little mention of patients. Conclusions: These patterns can be interpreted as a manifestation of the third-person effect, understood as the belief that others are more vulnerable than oneself to the influence of external forces, in this case, misinformation.

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ST3. TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY

Author Biographies

Aitor Ugarte Iturrizaga, Carlos III University of Madrid

Doctor in Media Research, accredited as a Contracted Professor by ANECA, his main lines of research are Journalism/Communication and Health and Corporate Communication. He is part of the UC3M MediaLab research group and a member of the COMSALUD project team ‘Pseudoscience, conspiracy theories, fake news and media literacy in health communication’ (ID: PID2022-142755OB-I00, period 2023–2027), funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation.

Author or co-author of more than 40 publications, including articles, books and book chapters. More than 350 citations and H-index = 9 on Google Scholar. Founder and first editor-in-chief of Revista de Comunicación y Salud (Journal of Communication and Health) (2011-2014).

 

Mariola Moreno, University of Navarra

She holds a PhD in Information and Communication Sciences from the University of Toulouse and is a researcher at the Institute of Culture and Society at the University of Navarra. She is at the forefront of research in discourse analysis, where she studies how the media constructs narratives around major global events. Her innovative vision helps to better understand how information is produced and disseminated, offering useful insights for both the academic world and communication professionals.

 

Laura Gutiérrez-Ibañes, Carlos III University of Madrid

Journalist and Doctor of Economics and Institutions, with research interests in communication and public health. She is a member of the UC3M MediaLab research group and the COMSALUD project ‘Pseudoscience, conspiracy theories, fake news and media literacy in health communication’ (ID: PID2022-142755OB-I00, period 2023–2027), funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation.

Professionally, she has worked for 25 years as a journalist specialising in health at the Unidad Editorial group and has published more than 5,000 newspaper articles. She has been head of communications at the Carlos III Health Institute and is currently director of communications at the General Council of Pharmaceutical Colleges of Spain. She is a member of the Madrid Press Association, the National Association of Health Reporters, the Spanish Association of Scientific Communication and the Association of Communication Executives.

How to Cite

Ugarte Iturrizaga, A., Moreno, M., & Gutiérrez-Ibañes, L. (2026). Disinformation in health: the perception of specialist journalists. Journal ICONO 14, 24(1), e2345. https://doi.org/10.7195/ri14.v24i1.2345

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